However, whether β-arrestin1 (β-arr1), a well-established mediator of GPCRs, is involved in the PGE 2 /EP 4 receptor-mediated mucosal proliferation complex in PHG remains unclear. Our studies demonstrated an important role for PGE 2 and its EP 4 receptor in the promotion of mucosal proliferation.

Suppressed mucosal epithelial proliferation is a crucial pathological characteristic of PHG. Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is a serious complication of liver cirrhosis and a potential cause of bleeding in patients with cirrhosis.